Reform+Movements

Reformers were often optimists and most usualy women who sought to better society socially and politically.
 * __Reform Movements__**

Dorthea Dix- She sought to reform mental asylums Emma Willard- Founded Troy Seminary Mary Lyon- Founded Mount Holyoke Noah Webster- Published dictionary for educator William McGuffey- McGuffey's Readers Horace Mann- "Father of Education" Neal S. Dow- "Father of Education" Robert Owen- Founded New Harmony Theodore Dwight Weld- //Wrote American Slavery as It Is//
 * Important People**

Protestant Reformation - Martin Luther began the reformation with nailing 95 thesis - John Calvin preached predestination with Calvinism - King Henry VIII broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church - Puritans wanted to totally purify the church from all Catholicsm - Separists vowed to totally break away from the church and started the Church of England Quakers - They were offensive to religous and civil rule. - Simple, devoted, and pascifists - Disliked slavery - Originially, majorly settled in Pennsylvania Utopian Communities - Brighan Young and Joseph Smith... Mormons who then moved out to Utah and opened Brighan Young College - Mormons believed in voting as a unit, polygamy, and drillling militia - Brook Farm where 20 transcenedentalist set up a community - Shakers were a communistic community who went extinct because they refused to marry and reproduce
 * Liberal Reforms**
 * -** Oneida Community — practiced free love, birth control, eugenic selection of parents to produce superior offspring; it survived ironically as a capitalistic venture, selling baskets and then cutlery

Temperance - American Temperance Society founded in Boston in 1826 - Those fighting for Temperance Reform based their protests on avoiding alcohol and legislature passed laws on making Alcohol illegal. - Maine Law of 1871 which made it illegal to make and sale liquor
 * Political and Social Reforms**

Education - The second great awakening started the search for small schools primarily in the south that focused their curriculum on Latin, Greek, Math, and - Libaries, public lecture and magazines flourished - First state supported University was University of North Carolina - Schools were too expensive for many communities and blacks were left uneducated - Several ill-taught and ill- trained teachers - Support for education for all started because politicians were afraid of illiterate "brats" growin up with voting rights

Abolition - In 1817, the American Colonization Society was founded for the purpose of transporting Blacks back to Africa, and in 1822, the Republic of Liberia was founded for Blacks to live. - Abolitionism really took off after the Second Great Awakening

Health

Reconstruction

Women's Rights - Most reformers were women - Most women reformers also backed Abolition