Constitutional+Principles

Constitutional Principles

*__Compromises__*
-**Great Compromise**- -**Method of Electing President**- -**Three- Fifths Compromise** -**Separation of Powers** -**Checks and Balances**
 * larger states have representation by population in House
 * small states have equal representation on Senate
 * each state gets 2 senators
 * every tax bill/revenue measure must originate in House
 * -Popular Sovereignty-**
 * Government gets power from permission of its people
 * It only has power to make decisions if the people give them that power
 * -Federalism-**
 * Power is divided between the national government and the state governments
 * Supremacy Clause- Constitution and federal laws take precident over state laws
 * indirectly by Electoral College
 * a slave counts as 3/5 of a person
 * end of slave trade by 1807
 * three branches of government- judical, legislative and executive
 * three branches of gov't are separated, yet each has powers to check one another

1. **Judiciary Act of 1789** organized:

 * Supreme Court as well as a chief justice and 5 associates
 * Federal disticts and circuit courts
 * Office of attorney general
 * 1st chief justice= John Jay


 * Passed by Hamilton in response to Jefferson's argument that there was no specific authorization in the Constitution for Hamilton's National Bank. Jefferson believed all powers not specifically granted to central government were given to states, therefore the states, not Congress, could charter banks.
 * Clause gives Congress right to pass any laws "necessary and proper" in order to cary out powers of government agencies
 * Hamilton believed that because the government was already allowed to collect taxes and regulate trade, a national bank was allowed by virtue of "implied powers"

3. **Judiciary Act of 1801**:

 * created sixteen new federal judgeshps
 * passed by Federalist Congress
 * Eventually led to //**Marbury v. Madison**//
 * **judicial review**- Supreme Court alone has last word on question of constitutionality

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