Supreme+Court+Cases

Supreme Court Cases

__The Marshall Court:__ --> (Chief Justice Taney)
 * Marbury vs. Madison**(1803)-
 * Marbury sued Madison to force delivery of his comission as a justice of the peace
 * Marshall did not rule on it because he claimed it was not in the courts power to rule over such matter
 * established the concept of __judicial review__- implied power of the judicial branch to determine the constitutionality of state and federal legislation
 * Fletcher vs. Peck**(1810)-
 * Georgia legislature issued land grants to the Yazoo Land Company; afterwards Georgia tried to repeal the action because it was considered corrupt
 * a state could not pass laws that invalidated a contract
 * Martin vs. Hunter's Lesse**(1816)-
 * established supremacy of federal courts over state courts
 * Dartmouth College vs. Woodward**(1819)-
 * Court ruled that a state cannot alter or invalidate a contract
 * severely limited the power of state governments to control corporations, which were the emerging form of business
 * McCulloch vs. Maryland**(1819)-
 * the government had the power to create a national bank
 * the bank could not be destroyed by the state
 * no state can control an agency of the federal government
 * Gibbons vs. Ogden**(1821)-
 * federal government's authority over interstate trade
 * use of judicial review over state law made this a divisions of power case
 * Cohens vs. Virginia**(1821)-
 * right of the Supreme Court to review the decision of state supreme courts in issues dealing with the authority of the federal government
 * Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia**(1832)-
 * Cherokees could not bring suit in a federal court
 * Worcester vs. Georgia**(1832)-
 * any U.S. citizen had to gain permission from the governor to enter Cherokee land
 * state law had no authority within Cherokee territory
 * a response to Jackson's Indian Removal Act
 * Prigg vs. Pennsylvania**(1842)-
 * States did not have to enforce the return of runaway slaves
 * Commonwealth vs. Hunt**(1842)-
 * unions and strikes declared legal
 * Dred Scott vs. Sanford**(1856)-
 * Dred Scott taken to Illinois; sued for freedom
 * Court decided that slaves could not sue in court
 * Ex parte Milligan**(1866)-
 * military tribunals could not try civilians when the civil courts were open